Explanation:

- Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, was born in 1483.

- He ascended the throne of Ferghana in 1494.

- At that time, he was only 12 years old.

- Option 1: 18 years old - This age is incorrect because Babur took the throne before reaching adulthood.

- Option 2: 12 years old - This is the correct age when Babur became the ruler of Ferghana.

- Option 3: 15 years old - This is incorrect; he had already claimed the throne by this age.

- Option 4: 10 years old - This is incorrect as it is too young, he was 12.