Explanation:

- Let's first find the total runs scored in the 20 matches.

- Average is 30, so total runs = 20 × 30 = 600 runs.

- Next, let's find the total runs scored in the first 12 matches.

- Average is 40, so total runs = 12 × 40 = 480 runs.

- Now, use these totals to find the total runs in the last 8 matches.

- Total runs in last 8 matches = 600 - 480 = 120 runs.

- Finally, calculate the average for the last 8 matches.

- Average runs in last 8 matches = 120 / 8 = 15.

- Options:

1. 14

2. 15

3. 16

4. 18