Explanation:

- Subsidiary Alliance: Introduced by Lord Wellesley, not Lord Dalhousie. It required Indian states to accept the permanent stationing of British troops within their territory.

- Policy of Paramountcy: A British policy to assert the British Crown's supremacy in India. Not specifically attributed to Lord Dalhousie.

- Doctrine of Lapse: Introduced by Lord Dalhousie. If an Indian ruler died without a natural heir, their state would be annexed by the British.

- Policy of Ring Fence: A strategy to protect British territories on the Indian subcontinent from external threats, pre-dating Dalhousie.