Explanation:

- Option 1: Undulating landform

- The undulating landform can have microclimatic effects but is not a major factor in preventing extremes of temperature across a wide region like the Konkan coast.

- Option 2: Location on leeward side of Sahyadri

- Being on the leeward side could contribute to reduced rainfall, but it isn't directly related to temperature extremes or seasonal rhythms.

- Option 3: Coastal location

- Correct Answer: Coastal regions tend to have moderate climates due to the influence of the sea, which has a high heat capacity, preventing extreme temperature variations.

- Option 4: Monsoon climate

- While the monsoon climate influences precipitation patterns, it doesn't inherently prevent temperature extremes.

The primary reason for the coastal climate's moderation is its proximity to the sea, which tempers temperature fluctuations.