Explanation:

Certainly! Here's an explanation of each option:

- Scanty rainfall: Low rainfall can lead to poor vegetation, but it's not the main cause of badlands.

- Soil erosion: This is the main cause of badlands. Erosion wears away soil, leaving barren, rough terrain. Wind and water play major roles here.

- Excessive forest cover: This usually prevents soil erosion due to tree roots holding the soil, so it's not relevant to badlands.

- Open defecation: While it poses health issues, it doesn't significantly impact the landscape to form badlands.