Explanation:

The "Air of the Anthropocene" project uses light painting to visualise air pollution in India, Ethiopia, and the UK, highlighting severe health risks and sparking global discussions on air quality.

About the ‘Air of the Anthropocene’ initiative

• The "Air of the Anthropocene" project is an international initiative combining art and science to visualise air pollution through light painting.

• Artists and researchers collaborated to produce photographic evidence using digital light painting techniques and low-cost air pollution sensors.

What is Particulate Matter?

• Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of small solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air. It includes both organic and inorganic particles such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets, which vary greatly in size, composition, and origin.

Impact of Air Pollution

• Impact on Public Health: Particulate matter, particularly PM2.5, is linked to severe health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and respiratory illnesses. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

• The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds WHO guideline limits, with about 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution.

Hence option 2nd is correct.