With reference to the proclamation of national emergency under Article 352 imposed till now, consider the following statements:
1. So far, a national emergency has been proclaimed two times.
2. The first proclamation of national emergency was issued in October 1962 on account of Chinese aggression in the NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency)
3. The second proclamation of national emergency was made in 1975.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation:
• National Emergency has been proclaimed three times so far– in 1962, 1971, and 1975. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• The First proclamation of National Emergency was issued in October 1962 on account of Chinese aggression in the NEFA (North-East Frontier Agency–now Arunachal Pradesh) and was in force till January 1968. Hence, a fresh proclamation was not needed at the time of the war against Pakistan in 1965. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Second proclamation of national emergency was made in December 1971 in the wake of an attack by Pakistan. Even when this Emergency was in operation. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• A Third proclamation of National Emergency was made in June 1975. Both the second and third proclamations were revoked in March 1977.
• The first two proclamations (1962 and 1971) were made on the ground of ‘external aggression’, while the third proclamation (1975) was made on the ground of ‘internal disturbance’, that is, certain persons have been inciting the police and the armed forces against the discharge of their duties and their normal functioning.