Mineral resources
Ministry of Mines is responsible for survey and exploration of ail minerals, other than natural gases, petroleum and atomic minerais, for mining and metallurgy of non-ferrous metals like aluminium, copper, zinc, lead, gold, nickle, etc. and for administration of Mines and Minerais (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 in respect of all mines and minerais other than coal, natural gas and petroleum.
Mineral Legislation : Under the Constitution, minera] rights and the administration of mining rights are vested in the respective State Governments.
The Central Govt. regulates the development of mines and minerais under the Mines and Minerais (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and the rules framed thereunder.
Mines and mineral development and regulation act 2015
- To create a new category of mining license i.e. the prospecting license-cum-mining lease, which is a two stage-concession for the purpose of undertaking prospecting operations (exploring or proving mineral deposits), followed by mining operations
- Change the area of mining, by allowing the Central Government to extend the area limits of mining, instead of providing multiple mining leases
- In the earlier law, a mining lease was granted for a maximum of 30 years and a minimum of 20 years and could be renewed for a period not exceeding 20 years. Under the new law, the lease period for coal and lignite remains unchanged. For all minerals other than coal, lignite and atomic minerals, mining leases will be granted for a period of 50 years. All mining leases granted for such minerals before the Ordinance shall be valid for 50 years. On expiry of the lease, instead of being renewed, the leases shall be put up for auction, as specified in the Act
- The state governments will grant mining leases for notified minerals and prospecting license-cum-mining leases for other minerals. It shall also notify geographic areas and the terms and conditions of such leases. All such leases shall be granted through auction by competitive bidding, including e-auction
- The central government shall prescribe the terms and conditions, and procedure for auction, including parameters for the selection of bidders. For mining leases, the central government may reserve particular mines for a specific end use and allow only eligible end users to participate in the auction, if found necessary
United Nations Frame work Classification
The United Nations Frame work Classification (UNFC) consists of a three dimensional system with the 3 axis :
1. Economic viability axis
2. Feasibility axis and
3. Geological axis
UNFC is a three - digit code based system, wherein the economic viability axis represent the first digit, the feasibility axis the second digit and the geologie axis represent the third digit. Each of these three axis have further codes in decreasing order. The highest category and resources under UNFC system will have the code (111) and lowest category the code (334).
MINERAL AND METAL PRODUCTION
India produces as many as 89 minerais which include 4 fuel, 10 metallic, 48 non-metallic, 3 atomic minerais and 24 minor minerals
Distribution of Iron-ore in India
|
State
|
District
|
Locality
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Guntur
|
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Singhbhum
|
Noamundi, Notoburu, Jamda, Gua, Jhilingburu, Pansirabuda etc.
|
|
|
|
Pathargora, Kumaria, Khariatola, Singri etc.
|
|
|
Palamau
|
Gore Pahar and Biwabathan near Daltonganj
|
|
|
|
Rajabar, Balunagar and Morwai, Auranga coal field.
|
|
Goa
|
|
|
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
Mandi
|
-
|
|
Karnataka
|
Bellary-Hospet (andur) Shimoga Chitradurga Chikmaglu
|
|
|
|
Tumkur
|
Kudremukh, Bababudan Hills
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Bastar
|
Bailadila, Rowghat, Parrekaro near Kanker
|
|
|
Durg
|
Dalli, Rajhara
|
|
|
Jabalpur
|
Majgaon, Agaria, Saroli, Lora, Jauli, Kanhara hills etc.
|
|
|
Chanda
|
Lohara, Pipalgaon, Asola, Dewalgaon, etc.
|
|
Orissa
|
Keonjhar
|
Thakurani, Bolaria, Joda, Banspani, Gandhmardan, Bhadrasahi, Koira, Malangtoli etc.
|
|
|
Sundargarh
|
Baliapahar, Badamgarh Pahar, Mankarnacha, Lusi-Rontha, Khandahar, Barsua, Bonai-Keonjhar belt.
|
|
|
Mayurbhanj
|
Gorumahisani Pahar, Sulaipat-Badampahar, and Simlipal hills.
|
|
`
|
Cuttack
|
Daitari, Tamaka and Kansa
|
|
|
Koraput
|
Kirapur, Umarkot
|
|
|
Mayurbhanj
|
Bisoi-Rairangpur, Bisoi-Joshipur and Baripada-Udasa.
|
|
Bhilwara
|
|
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Jaipur
|
Udaipur, Alwar & Bundi
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Salem, Tiruchirapalli
|
|
Mn-ore Deposits in India
Manganese – Braunite (Mn2O3) and Pyrolusite (MnO2)
|
State
|
District
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Adilabad
|
|
|
Srikakulam
|
|
|
Visakhapatnam.
|
|
Goa
|
To the south of Nissan Val. 363m, and Central and Northern part of Goa.
|
|
Gujarat
|
Panch Mahal
Vadodara
|
|
Karnataka
|
Bellary (Sandur basin) Chitradurga, Uttarkannad, Dharwad, Shimoga, Tumkur.
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Balaghat.
|
|
Maharashtra
|
Bhandara, Nagpur
|
|
|
Ratnagiri
|
|
Orissa
|
Sundargarh & Keonjhar (Bonai-Keonjhar area)
|
|
|
Koraput, Kalahandi & Bolangir (Koraput-Kalahandi-Patua area)
|
|
|
Sambalpur
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Banswara.
|
Distribution of Chromite Deposits in India
|
State
|
Districts
|
Locality
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Krishna
|
Kondapalli
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Salem
|
Sittampundi
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Singhbhum
|
Roburu, Kiriburus, Kitaburu, Jojohatu, near Chaibasa
|
|
Orissa
|
Cuttack
Dhenkanal
|
Sukinda and Katpal
|
|
|
Keonjhar
|
Nausahi
|
|
Karnataka
|
Mysore
Hassan
|
Sindhuvalli
(Nugg Challi belt, Chikonhalli) Byarapur.
|
|
Maharashtra
|
Bhandara
Ratnagiri
|
Pauni, Taka, Balgatta
Kankauli, Vagda
|
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
Kargil
|
Dras
|
|
Manipur
|
Ukhrul, Manipur East
|
Sirohi peak, Nepali Basti, Tengopal,-Moreh Road.
|
Distribution and Reserves of Lead-Zinc Ores in India
|
State/District
|
Area
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
|
|
Cuddapah
|
Zangamarajupal Gollapale, Verikunta
|
|
Guntur
|
Bandalamottu, Dhukonda,
Peddagavalakonda, Karempudi etc.
(Agnigundala belt)
|
|
|
|
|
Prakasam
|
Nallakonda
|
|
Jharkhand
|
|
|
Jamui, Deogarh Hazaribagh and Giridih
|
Hesatu-Belbathan
|
|
Gujarat
|
|
|
Bansakantha
|
Ambamata, Chitrasani
|
|
Vadodara
|
Khandia
|
|
Maharashtra
|
|
|
Nagpur
|
Kolari and Tembekhani
|
|
Bhandara
|
Mendki
|
|
Meghalaya
|
|
|
Khasi and Jantia Hills
|
Umpyrtha
|
|
Orissa
|
|
|
Sundargarh
|
Sargipalli
|
|
Mayurbhanj
Sambalpur
|
Kesarpur
Karmali
|
|
Rajasthan
|
|
|
Ajmer
|
Ghughra, Lohakan, Sawar, Tikhi
|
|
Bhilwara
|
Rampur-Agucha, Pur Benera,
(Gaderiakhera, Malikhera, Devpura, Dedwas, Samodi etc.)
|
|
Sirohi
|
Deri (Basantgarh – Delri belt)
|
|
Udaipur
|
Zawar area, (Mochia, Balaria,
Zawarmala
& Baroi), Rajpur-Dariba.
|
Distribution of Tungsten – Ores in India
|
State
|
Locality
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Burugubanda, East Godavari district
Chittor district
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Tata Nagar, Singhbhum district
|
|
Karnataka
|
Kolar and Hutti, Gold mine
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
In Raigarh distt., Lawakra area.
|
|
Maharashtra
|
Agargaon, Nagpur district.
|
|
|
Kuhi, Chapegarhi area, Nagpurdistrict ; 10-16 km south west of Agargaon deposit.
|
|
|
Paladi, Chandori and Dehegaon-Pipalgaon, Bhandara district.
|
|
|
Kosamtondi-Bagawan area, Bhandara district.
|
|
Rajasthan
|
6 km NE Sirohi district (Balda, Dera-ka—Bera.
|
|
|
Degana, Nagpur district
|
|
|
Motiya, Pali district
|
|
Uttaranchal
|
Chamoli and Pauri districts
|
|
West Bengal
|
Chandapathar, Bankura district.
|
Important Occurrences of Nickel Ores in India
|
State
|
Locality
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Ukkam and Dhoba hills of Bhitardari regions. Singhbhum district.
|
|
Kerala
|
Shreekandapuram area, Cannore district
|
|
Nagaland
|
Polkhpur, Tuensant district
|
|
Orissa
|
Sukinda area, Cuttack district
|
|
|
Simlipal area, Mayurbhanj district
|
|
|
Kendhujhar
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Chalk Hills, Salem district.
|
Distribution of Copper in India
|
State
|
Locality/Area
|
|
Jharkhand
|
i) Singhbhum copper belt : The potential areas are Pathargora, Rakha, Roam-Sidheshwar, Ram Chandar Pahar, Tamapahar and Turamdih.
ii) Hesatu-Belbathan belt : There are four dozen occurrences covering the whole belt, the important of them are at Baraganda, Chandio, Jhalakdiha, Ganganpur, Darngi, Toolsinr, Pirrah and Baghmari.
|
|
Rajasthan
|
i) Khetri copper belt, Jhunjhunu district : The potential areas are Madhan Kudan, Kalihan and Chanmari.
ii) Pur-Benera-Bhinder belt : The potential deposit is at Dariba in Alwar district.
iii) Detached occurrences, namely at Pali, Sirohi, Udaipur, Charu and Nagpur.
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Malanjkhand, Balaghat district.
|
|
Karnataka
|
Ingaldahu in Chitradurga district and Kalyadi in Hassan district.
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Mailaram, Khammam district : Gani, Kurnool district ; and Bandalamottu, Nallakonda and Dhokonda, Agnigundela belt, Guntur district.
|
Beneficiation of Copper
|
Beneficiation Plants
|
Location
|
|
Indian Copper Corporation Ltd.
|
Maubhandar, near Ghatshila in Jharkhand (in 1942)
Another Plant : Mosabani (1974) and Rakha (in 1975)
|
|
Hindustan Copper Ltd.
|
Khetri copper complex (Rajasthan)
Indian Copper Complex (Ghatsila)
Rakha Copper Project
Malanjkhand Copper Project, Madhya Pradesh
Chandmari Copper Project, Rajasthan
Tajoe copper Project, Maharashtra.
|
Distribution of Tin Ores in India
|
State
|
Locality
|
|
Haryana
|
Tosham, Bhiwani district
|
|
Chhattisgarh
|
Tongpal-Leda-Kudripal, Bastar district
|
|
|
Pushpal, Bastar district
|
|
Orissa
|
Mandaguda-Salem, Koraput district.
|
Distribution of Bauxite
|
State
|
District
|
Remarks
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Lohardaga, Ranchi, Gumla, Palamau, Santhal Parganas, Monghyr, Shahabad
|
All grades of bauxite are available.
|
|
Orissa
|
Koraput Kalahandi, Bolangir, Sambalpur, Bandh / Khondmala, Keonjhar and Sundergarh.
|
Metallurgical grade-I and chemical grade are rare.
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
East Godavari and Vishakhapatnam
|
Mostly metallurgical grades are available.
|
|
Chattisgarh
|
Bilaspur, Balaghat, Bastar, Raigarh, Durg.
|
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Surguja, Shahdol, Mandala, Jabalpur, Rewa, Satna, Sidhi and Katni
|
All grades available, Gibbsite and diasporic types have also been noted. Refractory grade is obtained from Katni and Bastar districts.
|
|
Maharashtra
|
Kolhapur, Kolaba, Sindhu, Durg Ratnagiri, Satara and Thane
|
All grades available.
|
|
Gujarat
|
Kutch, Saurastra, Jamnagar, Junagarh, Kheda, Bhavnagar, Valsad, Sabarkantha and Amreli.
|
All grades available Chemical grade is obtained from Saurastra and refractory grade from Jamnagar.
|
|
Karnaraka
|
Belgaum, Chikmangalur, Uttar Kannad and Dakshin Kannad
|
All grades available.
|
|
Goa, Damanand Diu
|
-
|
Metallurgical grade and other mixed grades, excluding chemical grade are available.
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Salem, Nilgiri, Madurai
|
Metallurgical grades (I and III) and low grades are available.
|
|
Kerala
|
Cannore, Quilon and Trivandrum
|
Mixed grades, metallurgical, chemical and low grades are available.
|
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
Bana, Lalithpur and Varanasi
|
Metallurgical, chemical (mixed) and low grades are available.
|
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
Udhampur
|
Diasporic and low grades are available.
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Kota
|
Metallurgical grade-II is available.
|
Primary Occurrences of Monazite in India
|
State
|
District / Area
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Nellore Mica belt
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Mica Pegmalite belt (Hazaribagh, Giridih, district) In Singhbhum district at Kanyaluka.
|
|
Bihar
|
Monghyr and in Gaya district at Abrakhi Pahar near Singar
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Mica pegmatite belt (Ajmet, Bhilwara, Alwar, Sikar, Udaipur)
|
|
West Bengal
|
Purulia district.
|
Distribution of Gypsum Deposits
|
State
|
District
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Nellore, Prakasam, Guntur
|
|
Gujarat
|
Jamnagar, Kuchch, Bhavanagarh and Junagarh.
|
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
Sirmur and Chamba
|
|
J & K
|
Baramula, Doda and Ladakh.
|
|
Karnataka
|
Gulbarga
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Shahdol
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Nagaur, Bikaner, Barmer, Churu, Jaisalmer, Ganganagar and Pali.
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Tiruchirapalli, Combatore, Ramanathapuram and Tiruneveli.
|
|
Uttaranchal
|
Tehri Garhwal, Dehradun, Pauri, Garhwal and Nainital.
|
Asbestos
|
State
|
District (area)
|
Geological formation
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Cuddapah (Brahmanapalle and Chinanakudala)
|
Cuddapahs
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Singhbhum
|
IronOre Series
|
|
Karnataka
|
Hassan (Holenarasipur)
|
Dharwars
|
|
Orissa
|
Mayurbhanj
|
IronOre
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Ajmer (Khota, Manpura) Bhilwara (Daulatgarh), Dongarpur, Jhunjhunu, Pali, Udaipur (Dhelana, Abbasi, Sapod)
|
Precambrians (Aravallis)
|
Diamond
|
State
|
District
|
Geological formation
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Anantapur, Bellary, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Krishna, Godavari
|
Recent alluvium and Kurnool Series (Cuddapah / Vindhyan)
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
Pann
|
Recent alluvium and Rewa Series
|
|
Orissa
|
Sambalpur
|
Recent alluvium.
|
Mica
|
State
|
District
|
Geological Formation
|
|
Bihar
|
Munger, Navada, Bhagalpur
|
Precambrian
|
|
Jharkhand
|
Giridih and Hazaribagh (Koderma mica belt stretches from the Hazaribagh and Monghyr to the Bhagalpur district)
|
Precambrian
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Nellore (Stretches between Gudur and Songam)
|
Precambrian
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Ajmer, Bhilwara, Sikar, Jaipur, Tonk, Udaipur
|
Precambrian
|
Distribution of gypsum deposits in India
|
State
|
District
|
Geological formation
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Nagaur, Pali
|
Nagaur series, Vindhyans
|
|
|
Barmer
|
(1) Recent sands
|
|
|
Bikaner, Ganganagar, Bharatpur
|
Recent
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
Tiruchirapalli
|
Uttatur Cretaceous
|
|
|
Coimbatore
|
Recent alluvium
|
|
Jammu and Kashmir
|
Baramula
|
Sallchala schists
|
|
|
Boda
|
Precambrian or Nummulities (Eocene)
|
|
Gujarat
|
Kutch
|
Jurassic, Subnummulites Eocene) Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent.
|
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
Nainital, Gairwal, Dehradun.
|
|
Distribution important graphite deposits in India
|
State
|
District
|
Geological formation
|
|
Orissa
|
Phulbani, Sambalpur, Kalahandi, Bolangir
|
Archaeans
|
|
Kerala
|
Ernakulam
|
Archaeans
|
|
Bihar
|
Paslamau
|
Archaeans
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
Khammam, Vishakapatnam
|
Archaean
|
|
Rajasthan
|
Ajmer, Banswara
|
Aravallis
|
Now try to locate the places in the maps given below, Consult Atlas wherever necessary.