Added by 42nd amendment in 1976 on the basis of Swaran Singh Committee report. Committee recommended 8 duties, but originally 10 duties were incorporated. The 11th duty was added by 86th amendment act, 2006.
There are eleven Fundamental Duties which are continued in Article 51A.
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
1. To abide to the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brother hood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the national environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individuals and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to the higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
11. It shall be duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be, word between the age of 6 and 14 years (Added by 86th Amendment, 2002).
The addition of Fundamental Duties along with the exceptions to the Fundamentals Rights limits the operations and the free enjoyment of Fundamental Rights