With reference to the Chola empire, consider the following statements:
1. Settlements of peasants were known as ur.
2. Nadu was a group of villages that often administered collection of taxes.
3. Muvendavelan was a title given to upper castes that worked for the welfare of backward castes.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
Explanation:
Chola became prosperous with the spread of irrigation agriculture. Groups of such villages formed larger units called nadu. The village council and the nadu had several administrative functions including dispensing justice and collecting taxes.Rich peasants of the Vellala caste exercised considerable control over the affairs of the nadu under the supervision of the central Chola government. The Chola kings gave some rich landowners titles like muvendavelan (a velan or peasant serving three kings), araiyar (chief), etc. as markers of respect, and entrusted them with important offices of the state at the centre.