Explanation:

The term is occasionally also used metaphorically to refer to renunciation of a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party, brain trust, or a sports team. Apostasy is generally not a self-definition: few former believers call themselves apostates because of the negative connotation of the term. Many religious groups and some states punish apostates; this may be the official policy of the religious group or may simply be the voluntary action of its members. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.