Explanation:

- Option 1: Benjamin Franklin was a renowned scientist and inventor, famous for his experiments with electricity and the invention of the lightning rod. He did not invent the atomic battery.

- Option 2: Henry Moseley was a physicist known for his work on the atomic number and the periodic table, but he is not credited with inventing the atomic battery.

- Option 3: Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile, which was an early form of the battery, but not the atomic battery developed in 1912.

- Option 4: Louis Pasteur was a pioneer in microbiology, best known for pasteurization, not for any work on atomic batteries.

None of these figures invented the atomic battery in 1912. The first atomic battery was developed by Henry Moseley in 1913, not 1912, and it used radium as a power source.