Explanation:

- 52nd Amendment: This amendment, enacted in 1985, is known for establishing the anti-defection law in India. It added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, setting the provisions for disqualification of members on the grounds of defection.

- 56th Amendment: This amendment, enacted in 1987, conferred statehood on Goa, which was previously a Union Territory.

- 59th Amendment: Enacted in 1988, this amendment was related to granting special powers to the central government to deal with the emergency situations in Punjab, and it did not concern the status of Goa.

- 48th Amendment: This amendment was enacted in 1984 to amend Article 356 concerning President's Rule but had nothing to do with Goa’s statehood.

Correct Answer: Option 2 - 56th Amendment