Improve the bracketed part of the sentence It also indicates the caveats and failure modes in the mo...........

English Language (CGL) Sentence Improvement

Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.

It also indicates the caveats and failure modes in the model need to be improved before (been used independently).

been using independently

being used independently

been independently

No improvement

Here, Passive (Progressive)
i.e. being used independently..... should be used.
Have/had/has is followed by been.

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