Explanation:

- Hypogamy (Option 1): This means marriage where a person marries someone from a lower social stratum. Specifically, when a woman from a higher status marries a man from a lower status, it is called hypogamy.

- Hypergamy (Option 2): This refers to marrying "up," when someone marries a person from a higher social or economic group. Most commonly, it is when a woman marries into a higher social class.

- Exogamy (Option 3): This is marrying outside a specific social group, clan, or tribe.

- Endogamy (Option 4): This is marrying within a particular group, class, or social category.