Explanation:

- Option 1: L. Guttman

Developed the Guttman Scale, a technique for measuring cumulative or scalable items, but not the social distance scale.

- Option 2: Paulin Young

Was a sociologist but did not create the social distance scale.

- Option 3: W.J. Goode and P.K. Hatt

Authored "Methods in Social Research" but are not known for developing the social distance scale.

- Option 4: E.S. Bogardus

Correct answer. E.S. Bogardus developed the Social Distance Scale in 1925 to measure people's willingness to participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups.