Explanation:

- Karl Marx

- Focused on economic factors in social change.

- Emphasized class struggle and material conditions.

- Max Weber

- Highlighted the importance of ideas and beliefs, such as religion, in social change.

- Known for his analysis of the Protestant Ethic and its role in capitalism.

- Pareto

- Known for his theories on elite circulation and social equilibria.

- Less focus on ideas compared to economic and sociological forces.

- Toynbee

- Emphasized the role of challenges and responses in the rise and fall of civilizations.

- Ideas were part of cultural dynamics, but not his primary focus.

Correct Answer: Max Weber