Explanation:

- Urban growth is a complex process influenced by several factors and processes:

1. Surplus Food Production in Rural Areas:

- This supports urban populations by providing food.

- Indirectly encourages migration to cities as people look for employment outside agriculture.

2. Surplus Population in Rural Areas:

- This leads to migration to cities seeking better jobs and living conditions.

- Directly correlates with urban expansion as cities absorb the growing population.

3. Surplus Non-Agricultural Land:

- Land availability allows for infrastructure development, housing, and industry in urban areas.

- Facilitates the physical growth and expansion of urban spaces.

- Upon examining the factors, urban growth is most logically associated with Surplus Food Production in Rural Areas and Surplus Population in Rural Areas. Surplus non-agricultural land can contribute but is less directly associated.

The correct answer is option 1: 1, 2 and 3.