Explanation:

- The phrase “birth of the city entails its death” refers to the idea that the emergence or rise of cities inherently contains within it the seeds of its eventual decline and fall.

- Option 1: R. Redfield – Robert Redfield was an anthropologist who studied rural and urban societies, but he did not specifically coin or focus on this phrase about city death.

- Option 2: B. F. Hoselitz – Bert F. Hoselitz was a sociologist focused on urban development, but he did not originate this phrase.

- Option 3: J.M. Houston – J.M. Houston wrote about city geography but is not famously linked with this quote.

- Option 4: Oswald Spengler – Oswald Spengler, a German philosopher, is famous for his cyclical theory of civilizations. In his book “The Decline of the West,” he discussed how the rise (birth) of a cultural form such as a city inevitably leads to its decline (death). This phrase sums up his thoughts.

- Correct Answer: Option 4 – Oswald Spengler