Explanation:

- Option 1: Conflict Theory

- This theory, mainly associated with Karl Marx, sees inequality as a result of ongoing struggles between different groups in society.

- It argues that inequality benefits the powerful and is unfair, not necessary.

- Option 2: Functionalist Theory

- Correct Answer

- Functionalist theory (e.g., Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons) claims inequality is both normal and needed.

- It states that certain roles in society require more skill and responsibility, so rewards (and thus inequality) motivate people to fill those roles.

- Option 3: Indological Approach

- This is related to the study of Indian society/culture, not a direct theory of social inequality.

- Option 4: Structuralist Theory

- Structuralism studies overarching structures in society but doesn't claim inequality is necessary; it focuses on how structures shape social life.