Explanation:

- Deviation: This refers to actions that stray from the norms or rules of a social structure. It acts as a counterbalance by highlighting unacceptable behaviors. However, it is not a foundational element of social structure itself.

- Observance: This involves adherence to the established norms and rules within a society. It is critical for maintaining order and predictability.

- Sanction: These are penalties or rewards given to enforce conformity to societal norms. They help maintain the stability of social structures.

- Group action: This involves coordinated activities by members of a group, reflecting collective norms and values.