Explanation:

- The concept of the "negative reference group" refers to a group that individuals use as a point of comparison but seek to distance themselves from, often adopting opposite behaviors or values.

- Option 1: Hany Johnson

- Johnson is not credited with the concept of negative reference groups in mainstream sociology.

- Option 2: Ralph Linton

- Linton was an anthropologist who worked on group dynamics but is not specifically associated with the negative reference group concept.

- Option 3: Theodore Caplow

- Theodore Caplow introduced and studied the idea of the negative reference group in his work on sociology.

- Option 4: William Scott

- Scott also worked in sociology but is not notably linked to the negative reference group term.

Correct Answer: Option 3, Theodore Caplow.