Explanation:

- Evolutionist theory focuses on how cultures change and develop over time through stages. This approach is not particularly holistic; it tends to see cultures as linear and progressive.

- Diffusionist theory looks at how cultural traits spread from one society to another. It emphasizes connections, but doesn’t necessarily view culture as a whole, integrated system.

- Functionalist theory (like Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown) views culture as an integrated system where each part serves a function within the whole. This is a *holistic approach*.

- Phenomenologist theory explores individuals’ lived experiences and meanings. This often includes understanding the whole of cultural experience, thus can be considered holistic.

Options:

- Option 1: 1 and 2 – Evolutionist and Diffusionist (not typically holistic)

- Option 2: 2 and 4 – Diffusionist and Phenomenologist

- Option 3: 1 and 3 – Evolutionist and Functionalist

- Option 4: 3 and 4 – Functionalist and Phenomenologist (both adopt holistic approaches)

Correct Answer:

Option 4: 3 and 4