Explanation:

- Option 1: A rise in individualism

- The shift from feudalism to capitalism fostered individualism as people sought personal economic success and social mobility.

- This period saw the emergence of self-reliant, independent actors in economies.

- Option 2: A decline in mechanical society

- Mechanical society, characterized by homogeneity and collective consciousness, waned as industrial capitalism favored specialization and diverse roles.

- Roles and jobs became more specialized and complex, moving away from uniformity.

- Option 3: A decline in the conscience collective

- Under capitalism, the shared community values and beliefs (conscience collective) became less dominant.

- Individual goals and diverse beliefs began to overshadow communal ideologies.

- Option 4: All of the above

- Each option describes a different aspect of the social transformation during this period.

- All these changes converged, reshaping society during the transition.