Explanation:

Let’s break it down:

- Hocart and Senart: These two are known for the “religious theory” of the caste system’s origin. They argued the caste system grew out of religious notions and practices. Basically, the idea is that rituals and religious beliefs were the foundation of caste divisions.

- Ghurye: He gave a more sociological take. He focused on factors like race, clan, social order—not just religion.

- Nesfield: Nesfield pushed the “occupational theory,” thinking caste groups grew out of specialized jobs, not religious ideas.

- M. N. Srinivas: Famous for “Sanskritization” and for studying how castes move up the social ladder, but he didn’t propose the religious theory.