Explanation:

- Option 1: Social necessity

- Suggests stratification is essential for organizing and maintaining societies.

- Encourages structured social roles and responsibilities.

- Option 2: Cultural necessity

- Implies stratification is driven by cultural beliefs and traditions.

- Shapes social hierarchy based on cultural norms.

- Option 3: Economic necessity

- Stratification arises due to economic disparities.

- Driven by the need for economic efficiency and resource distribution.

- Option 4: Functional necessity

- Kingsley Davis argues stratification is functionally necessary.

- Believed it ensures roles are filled by the most qualified.

- Sustains the social order and productivity.