Explanation:

- Here’s the thing: Karl Marx (Option 1) is the one famous for saying that the economic structure (infrastructure) of society shapes everything else—the laws, politics, culture, even people's ideas (the superstructure).

- Durkheim (Option 2) focused more on social facts and collective conscience, not really the economic base driving society.

- Weber (Option 3) flipped things around: he thought ideas, values, and beliefs (like the Protestant ethic) could drive economic systems, not the other way around.

- Parsons (Option 4) went for systems theory and social order, looking at how all parts of society work together—not at economic infrastructure as the engine of change.

So, Marx gets the credit for this one.