Explanation:

- Option 1: Weber

- Max Weber is known for introducing the twin concepts of "value reference" and "value freedom."

- He believed that while values shape the selection of topics in sociology, the analysis must remain objective and free from personal biases.

- Correct Answer

- Option 2: Parsons

- Talcott Parsons was a key figure in sociology but didn't focus primarily on value reference and value freedom.

- He is best known for his structure-functionalism theory.

- Option 3: Marx

- Karl Marx focused on class struggles and the role of capitalist systems.

- He analyzed the economy, politics, and society but did not focus on value freedom in the context Weber did.

- Option 4: Durkheim

- Emile Durkheim is known for his work on social facts and collective consciousness.

- He emphasized the role of social structures but did not specifically use the terms value reference and value freedom.