Explanation:

- Karl Marx was the first to use the concept of alienation in understanding society. He used it to describe how workers become estranged from their work, the product of their labor, and ultimately themselves in a capitalist system. This process causes a loss of control and connection.

- Émile *Durkheim* focused more on concepts like social integration and anomie, rather than alienation. His work sought to understand how societal norms affect individuals.

- Max *Weber* discussed bureaucratic alienation as a byproduct of rationalization and bureaucracy but did not focus extensively on alienation.

- Talcott *Parsons* concentrated on social systems and functionalism, not specifically on alienation.

Your understanding is correct!

- Option 1: Marx is the right answer.