Explanation:

- Option 1: Marx

- Karl Marx was a philosopher, economist, and social scientist.

- He is known for his theories on capitalism, class struggle, and historical materialism.

- Option 2: Durkheim

- Émile Durkheim was a founding figure in sociology.

- He is known for his work on social integration and collective consciousness in society.

- Option 3: Weber

- Max Weber was a prominent sociologist and philosopher.

- He developed the method of Verstehen, focusing on understanding social actions through empathy and context.

- Verstehen is about interpreting the meanings individuals attach to their actions.

- Option 4: Parsons

- Talcott Parsons was an influential American sociologist.

- He is best known for developing structural functionalism and systems theory.