Explanation:

Here’s the thing:

- Karl Marx (Option 1): Focused on class struggle, historical materialism, and economics, but didn’t use the “Ideal Type” method in his work.

- Émile Durkheim (Option 2): Known for studying social facts, collective conscience, and anomie, but he also didn’t use Ideal Types; his methods were more about social facts and statistics.

- Max Weber (Option 3): He’s the one who developed and used “Ideal Types” in sociology. It’s his way to create an analytical tool, a sort of mental model, to compare and understand real social situations. It wasn’t a description, but a way to clarify concepts and draw comparisons.

- Talcott Parsons (Option 4): Blended ideas from Weber and Durkheim, and developed structural functionalism, but the actual creation and use of Ideal Type as a method was not his thing.