Explanation:

Here’s the thing:

- Option 1: Marx – Marx focused on class struggle, capitalism, and material conditions. He didn’t really use “social action” as a central idea.

- Option 2: Durkheim – Durkheim talked about “social facts”—bigger forces outside the individual. Again, not social action.

- Option 3: Weber – This is the correct answer. Weber put the individual at the center and coined “social action” as an act with meaning attached by the actor, aimed toward others.

- Option 4: Parsons – Parsons built on Weber, but came much later. His theory is about systems and structures, not the original concept of social action.