Explanation:

- Max Weber: Known for his work on the sociology of religion, capitalism, and bureaucracy. His key concepts include "Verstehen" and the "Protestant Ethic."

- R.K. Merton: Developed the concept of "net balance of functions," which involves analyzing both the manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) functions of social actions or structures.

- Talcott Parsons: Contributed to structural functionalism and the AGIL framework. Focused on the system's need for adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency.

- Emile Durkheim: Known for founding sociology as a discipline, emphasizing social facts and collective conscience. Major works address religion, suicide, and societal cohesion.

Correct Answer: Option 2 - R.K. Merton