Explanation:

Let’s break down each statement:

- Voluntaristic theory of action: Parsons definitely gave us this. It’s the idea that individuals have the capacity to make choices, but those choices are influenced by social systems and norms.

- Multidisciplinary approach: He drew on economics, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, combining them for his frameworks. But this phrase isn’t really coined by Parsons—it’s more a broad way to describe his method, not a specific “theory” he launched.

- Pattern variables: 100% Parsons. This is his famous idea about how people’s actions vary along certain axes, like universalism vs. particularism.

- Master analytical framework: This is basically another description for his “social system” theory—he gave us a big-picture way to analyze societies, yes.

Now, about your options:

Option 1: All the above

Option 2: Just 2 and 3

Option 3: 1, 2, and 4

Option 4: 1 and 3

Here’s the thing: while Parsons DID use a multidisciplinary approach, it’s not technically a “theory” or key concept he “gave”—it’s more accurately his style or method. So, technically, the absolute core concepts Parsons originating are 1 (voluntaristic theory of action), 3 (pattern variables), and 4 (master analytical framework).

Option 3 is the correct answer: 1, 2, and 4.