Explanation:

Here’s the breakdown:

- Option 1: Parsons

Parsons is famous for structural functionalism and the idea of social systems, but he didn’t introduce “requisite functionalism.”

- Option 2: Weber

Weber focused on bureaucracy, rationalization, and verstehen—not functionalism.

- Option 3: Merton

Correct! Robert K. Merton gave us the concept of “requisite functionalism.”

He argued not every part of society is needed for stability. Instead, different structures can do the same function—a concept called “functional alternatives.” Merton was all about nuance, suggesting not everything is universally positive or necessary.

- Option 4: Marx

Marx looked at conflict, class struggle, and capitalism. Functionalism wasn’t really in his playbook.

So, what this really means is: