Explanation:

- Correct Answer: Option 1, Merton

- Robert K. Merton introduced the concept of Middle Range Theories. These are theories that lie between minor working hypotheses and grand theories. They are designed to explain specific social phenomena.

- Option 2, Weber

- Max Weber was a sociologist known for his work on bureaucracy, social stratification, and the study of religion.

- Option 3, Parsons

- Talcott Parsons was a sociologist best known for his work on structural functionalism and the social system.

- Option 4, Marx

- Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist known for his theories on capitalism, class struggle, and historical materialism.