Explanation:

- Option 1: Weber

- Max Weber was a key figure in sociology and known for his theory on bureaucracy and the protestant ethic.

- He focused on understanding social actions and the meanings behind them.

- Option 2: E. Durkheim

- Émile Durkheim introduced the concept of 'social facts' as a cornerstone of sociology.

- A social fact is any way of acting, whether fixed or not, capable of exerting an external constraint.

- Option 3: Marx

- Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist known for his theories on capitalism and class struggle.

- He did not focus on social facts but on material conditions and economic forces.

- Option 4: Parsons

- Talcott Parsons was known for his work in functionalism.

- He focused on social systems and how society's norms contribute to stability.