Explanation:

- Karl Marx: He focused on the relationship between economics and class struggle. Marx saw religion primarily as a tool used by the ruling classes to maintain control over the working class.

- Durkheim: Emile Durkheim studied the functions of religion in society. He was interested in how religion contributes to social cohesion and collective conscience.

- Max Weber: He examined the relationship between religion and social and economic change. Weber’s study, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," highlights how Protestantism influenced the development of capitalism.

- Parsons: Talcott Parsons was a sociologist who built on various theories, including those related to religion's role in maintaining social order, rather than focusing on social change.