Explanation:

- Option 1: E. Durkheim

- He introduced the concepts of Mechanical Solidarity and Organic Solidarity.

- Mechanical Solidarity: Found in traditional, simple societies—people feel connected through sameness and shared beliefs.

- Organic Solidarity: Comes with modern, complex societies—bonds are based on specialization and interdependence.

- Option 2: Max Weber

- Famous for ideas about bureaucracy, rationalization, and types of authority—not these solidarity concepts.

- Option 3: Parson

- That’s Talcott Parsons, known for structural functionalism, not for the solidarity terms.

- Option 4: Merton

- Robert K. Merton coined ideas like manifest and latent functions—not related to solidarity types.

- Bottom line: Durkheim’s your guy for Mechanical and Organic Solidarity. The other thinkers made huge contributions, just not here.