Explanation:

- Option 1: Peasant protest

- Max Weber's theory does not link the rise of capitalism to peasant protests.

- Peasant revolts were not associated with the birth of capitalist ethos.

- Option 2: Calvinism

- Weber argued that the Protestant ethic, particularly Calvinism, encouraged thrift, hard work, and economic success as signs of personal salvation.

- This 'Protestant Ethic' facilitated the development of modern capitalism.

- Correct Answer

- Option 3: Catholicism

- Catholicism was seen as more tradition-oriented and less aligned with the capitalist mindset.

- It stressed communal over individual economic success.

- Option 4: none of above

- This is incorrect as Weber's theory specifically emphasized the role of Calvinism.