Explanation:

- The statement "it is the social being that determines the consciousness of individual and not the consciousness that determines his being" reflects the idea that a person's social environment and material conditions shape their thoughts and ideas, not the other way round.

- Max Weber (Option 1) focused on how ideas and beliefs could shape society, not just material conditions.

- Durkheim (Option 2) emphasized social facts and collective consciousness but did not frame the relationship quite like the statement above.

- Hegel (Option 3) believed in the primacy of consciousness and ideas (idealism), which is opposite to this statement.

- Karl Marx (Option 4) is the correct answer. He argued that material and social circumstances form individual consciousness, famously articulating this view in his works.

Correct Answer: Option 4 – Karl Marx