Explanation:

- Option 1: Durkheim

- Émile Durkheim, a founding figure in sociology, viewed it as a scientific study of societies.

- He emphasized understanding social structures and collective consciousness.

- Correct Answer

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- Option 2: Parsons

- Talcott Parsons contributed significantly to sociology with his action theory.

- He focused on social systems and their interrelations but didn't specifically label sociology as a "science of societies."

- Option 3: Weber

- Max Weber is known for his interpretive sociology, emphasizing understanding social action.

- He analyzed how individual actions relate to societal changes and structures.

- Option 4: None

- An option suggesting that none of the listed figures coined the term or perspective, which is incorrect in this context.