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American sociologist an exponent of irreversible unilinear evolution In a famous book published in 1...........

Sociology Preliminary Introducing thinker

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American sociologist, an exponent of irreversible unilinear evolution. In a famous book published in 1906 he argues that individual habits and group customs arise gradually and unconsciously as fittest usages, survive and become crystallized into recurrent patterns. He distinguished between cresive institutions formed in this way and enacted institutions formed consciously

T. Parsons

W.G. Sumner

R.K. Merton

C.H. Cooley

Explanation:

- Correct Answer: Option 2 - W.G. Sumner

- Sumner was an American sociologist known for his theory of social evolution.

- In 1906, he published "Folkways," arguing for gradual and unconscious evolution of habits and customs.

- He introduced the terms "cresive institutions" for naturally evolving patterns and "enacted institutions" for consciously created ones.

- Option 1: T. Parsons

- A sociologist famous for structural functionalism.

- He focused on social systems and institutional roles.

- Option 3: R.K. Merton

- Known for theories on social structure and anomie.

- Developed the concept of "self-fulfilling prophecy."

- Option 4: C.H. Cooley

- Known for the "looking glass self" theory.

- Focused on the impact of primary groups on societal development.

By: Pradeep Kumar

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