Explanation:

- Modernization:

- Refers to the transition from traditional or rural societies to modern, industrialized ones.

- Includes improved infrastructure, better healthcare, and education.

- While it contributes to urban growth, it's not the primary cause.

- Urbanization:

- This is the process itself of people moving into urban areas.

- It's the effect rather than the cause of its own growth.

- Westernization:

- Refers to the adoption of Western ideas and lifestyles.

- It's a cultural influence, not directly linked to urban growth.

- Technology:

- Correct Answer: Advances in technology have enabled cities to grow rapidly.

- Includes developments in transportation, communication, and construction.

- Facilitates efficient resource distribution and infrastructure development.