Explanation:

- The question describes a form of culture where principles define what is right or wrong and decide guilt, innocence, rewards, or punishments.

- Option 1: Substantive Justice

This means justice based on the fairness of laws themselves, not just procedures. It's about whether outcomes are fair and just, focusing on principles like equality or rights.

- Option 2: Retributive Justice

This focuses on punishing wrongdoing. The principle here is that offenders deserve to be punished proportionally to the crime.

- Option 3: Natural Justice

This relates to fair procedures, like giving everyone a chance to be heard. It emphasizes fair process, not the substantive outcome.

- Option 4: Restitutive Justice

This aims to restore the situation to how it was before the wrongdoing occurred. It's about repairing harm, not about punishment or moral judgment.

The correct answer is Option 1: Substantive Justice.

This option best matches the idea of grounding fairness and judgment in foundational principles.