Explanation:

- The process described is when the social makeup of a neighborhood changes due to the arrival of wealthier, often professional residents.

- Option 1: Urban displosion – This is not a standard urban geography term and doesn’t fit the scenario.

- Option 2: Gentrification – This refers exactly to the process described, where higher-income groups move into city neighborhoods, changing their character, often increasing property values and potentially displacing long-term residents.

- Option 3: De-urbanization – This is when people move out of urban areas to rural ones, leading to population decline in cities; it’s the opposite of what’s described.

- Option 4: Counter-urbanisation – This is similar to de-urbanization, where people leave cities for less urbanized areas.