Explanation:

- Option 1: E. Durkheim

- A prominent sociologist known for studying social facts, collective consciousness, and the role of institutions in maintaining social order.

- He did not focus on economic infrastructure and superstructure. Instead, he introduced concepts like mechanical and organic solidarity.

- Option 2: Talcott Parson

- An influential American sociologist recognized for developing the theory of structural functionalism.

- He viewed society as a complex system striving for equilibrium, without specific emphasis on economic infrastructure and superstructure.

- Option 3: Karl Marx

- A philosopher and economist who introduced the concept of society being made up of economic infrastructure (base) and superstructure.

- Believed that the economic base influences societal structures like politics, law, and ideology.

- Option 4: Malinowski

- A leading figure in anthropology known for his work on cultural and social anthropology.

- Focused on the study of functionalism in cultures rather than economic infrastructure and superstructure.