Explanation:

- Feeling of collective orientations: Essential for a community, as it fosters a sense of belonging and unity among members.

- Culture homogeneity: Not essential, communities can thrive with diverse cultures. Cohesion can come from respect and shared values rather than cultural uniformity.

- Distinctiveness: Important, as it differentiates one community from another, contributing to its identity.

- Common locality: Often essential, as shared physical space or proximity is a typical basis for community formation.

- Option 1 (1, 2, 3, and 4): Includes all elements, even culture homogeneity, which is not essential.

- Option 2 (1 only): Overlooks the importance of distinctiveness and common locality.

- Option 3 (2 only): Correct, as culture homogeneity is not essential.

- Option 4 (1, 2, and 4 only): Includes culture homogeneity, incorrectly implying its essentiality.