Explanation:

- Option 1: Social differentiation

- This refers to the process by which different statuses and roles develop within a society.

- Option 2: Social inequalities

- Involves the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups.

- Option 3: Social stratification

- Relates to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power.

- Option 4: Social mobility

- This is the movement of individuals or groups within the social hierarchy, which the Wisconsin model and Blau-Duncan model study. Both models analyze how individuals and families change their social status over generations.