Explanation:

- Option 1: Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist, known for "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," not "Primitive Society."

- Option 2: Kingsley Davis was a sociologist well-known for his work on population studies and human society, not the author of "Primitive Society."

- ?? Option 3: R. H. Lowie was an anthropologist who wrote "Primitive Society," which discusses social structures and cultural developments in primitive societies.

- Option 4: Émile Durkheim was a sociologist famous for books like "The Division of Labor in Society" and "Suicide," not "Primitive Society."